Centos安装Oracle相对比Mysql这些麻烦，不然一个LNMP或者宝塔就搞定的事情。

手动安装，所以把整个过程记录下，顺带做成笔记方便日后和其他人使用。

yum update -y
安装一个swap分区，如果是宝塔的话可以在宝塔的后台设置增加。

dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap bs=1024 count=2048000
mkswap /swap
chmod 600 /swap
swapon /swap
echo "/swap swap swap default 1 1">>/etc/fstab #设置成自动挂载
如果你用的是腾讯云或者阿里云等VPS，那么一般会用到数据盘，这里先挂载好自己数据盘，根据下面的教程来操作，并把数据盘挂载到/data目录下。

hostnamectl set-hostname oracledb
echo "127.0.0.1 oracledb" >>/etc/hosts

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

• linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 1.15G
• linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 1.04G

因为oracle官方下载安装包需要登录oracle官网才能下载，无图形化只能是先在下到自己的电脑上再上传到VPS中安装。

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
安装完成后，检查依赖是否安装成功

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

• Oracle inventory组(通常为 oinstall)
• OSDBA组 (通常为 dba)
• OSOPER组 (通常为 oper)
• Oracle软件所有者(通常为 oracle)

添加命令：

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
修改oracle用户密码

passwd oracle
这里不要忘记了oracle的密码！

1. 在/etc/sysctl.conf添加如下参数，如果系统中某个参数高于下面的参数的值 ，保留较大的值,下面的数值只是官方要求的最小值，可以根据系统调整数值，以优化系统性能，具体的参数介绍百度看看就可以。

   fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
   fs.file-max = 6815744
   kernel.shmall = 2097152
   kernel.shmmax = 536870912
   kernel.shmmni = 4096
   kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
   net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
   net.core.rmem_default = 262144
   net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
   net.core.wmem_default = 262144
   net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

将上面的内容跟着原有内容增加到下面保存即可。

2. 使内核参数生效

   sysctl -p

3. 在/etc/security/limits.conf中添加如下参数

   oracle soft nproc 2047
   oracle hard nproc 16384
   oracle soft nofile 1024
   oracle hard nofile 65536

还是一样拉到最低，增加并保存以上内容。

4. 在/etc/pam.d/login文件中，添加下面内容

   session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
   session required pam_limits.so

5. /etc/profile 文件中添加如下内容

   if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
   if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
   ulimit -p 16384
   ulimit -n 65536
   else
   ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
   fi
   fi

6. 使用/etc/profile文件生效

   source /etc/profile

7. 禁用使用Transparent HugePages(启用Transparent HugePages,可能会导致造成内存在运行时的延迟分配，Oracle官方建议使用标准的HugePages)

7-1、查看是否启用 如果显示 [always]说明启用了

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
7-2、禁用Transparent HugePages,在/etc/grub.conf添加如下内容

echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
重新启动系统以使更改成为永久更改

reboot

mkdir -p /data/app/
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/
chmod -R 775 /data/app/
这里我们建立oracle相关的文件就在刚才我们挂载的/data目录下面。

umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
如果自行修改，请注意上面的文件路径。完成后重启系统。

reboot

unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data
unzip -q linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data
mkdir -p /data/etc
cp /data/database/response/* /data/etc/
解压文件并将相关文件移动到相关文件夹中。

在/data/etc/db_install.rsp修改以下变量的值

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
这里如果不好修改，可以把文件下载到本地，搜索查找相关配置进行修改，完成后再上传覆盖源文件。

su - oracle
cd /data/database
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /data/etc/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
安装期间可以使用tail命令监看oracle的安装日志，安装过程中会提示你。

You can find the log of this install session at:
/data/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2020-03-19_03-53-45PM.log

tail -f /data/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2020-03-19_03-53-45PM.log
安装完成后有如下提示，如果有类似如下提示，说明安装完成。

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run

/data/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:

 1. Open a terminal window 
 2. Log in as "root" 
 3. Run the scripts 
 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 

Successfully Setup Software.

su - root
sh /data/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

su - oracle
netca /silent /responsefile /data/etc/netca.rsp
输出结果

Parsing command line arguments:

Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /data/etc/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:

Running Listener Control: 
  /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
Listener Control complete.
Listener started successfully.

Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
查看监听端口

netstat -tnpl | grep 1521

tcp6 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 4821/tnslsnr

1. 编辑应答文件/data/etc/dbca.rsp

   [GENERAL]
   RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
   OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
   [CREATEDATABASE]
   GDBNAME = "orcl"
   SID = "orcl"
   SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
   SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
   SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
   DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
   DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/app/oracle/oradata
   RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
   CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
   TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

配置文件里面有#注释的需要清除掉。
注意相关用户密码。如果不好编辑也可以下载到本地编辑后上传覆盖。

2. 执行静默建库

   su - oracle
   dbca -silent -responseFile /data/etc/dbca.rsp

ps.执行完后会先清屏，清屏之后没有提示，直接输入oracle用户的密码，回车，再输入一次，再回车。
执行过程如下

Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
18% complete
26% complete
37% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
40% complete
45% complete
50% complete
55% complete
56% complete
57% complete
60% complete
62% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
70% complete
73% complete
74% complete
85% complete
96% complete
100% complete
Look at the log file "/data/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

3. 查看进程

   ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

执行结果

oracle 3974 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_dborcl
oracle 3976 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_dborcl
oracle 3980 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_dborcl
oracle 3982 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_dborcl
oracle 3984 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_dborcl
oracle 3986 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_dborcl
oracle 3988 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_dborcl
oracle 3990 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_dborcl
oracle 3992 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_dborcl
oracle 3994 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_dborcl
oracle 3996 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_dborcl
oracle 3998 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_dborcl
oracle 4000 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_dborcl
oracle 4002 1 3 17:11 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmon_dborcl
oracle 4004 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_dborcl
oracle 4006 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_dborcl
oracle 4008 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_dborcl
oracle 4023 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_dborcl
oracle 4043 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_dborcl
oracle 4068 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_dborcl
oracle 4070 1 0 17:11 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_dborcl

4. 查看监听状态

   lsnrctl status

执行结果

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-MAR-2020 17:13:14

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 19-MAR-2020 08:42:07
Uptime 0 days 8 hr. 31 min. 7 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /data/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "dborclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "dborcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "dborcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
select status from v$instance;
执行select时，全出现以下情况

SQL> select status from v$instance;
select status from v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
解决方式：

1. 输入startup,

   startup的输出提示：

   SQL> startup
   ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
   LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora'

2. 根据提示，将ORACLEBASE/admin/数据库名称/pfile目录下的init.ora.xxx形式的文件copy到ORACLE_BASE/admin/数据库名称/pfile目录下的init.ora.xxx形式的文件copy到ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下initOracle.ora（根据startup提示）即可

   cp /data/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.2192020171059 initORCL.ora

查看数据库编码

select userenv('language') from dual;
输出结果

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')

AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

SQL>
查看数据库版本

select * from v$version;
输出结果

BANNER

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
激活scott用户

alter user scott account unlock;
alter user scott identified by tiger;
select username,account_status from dba_users;

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
修改vi /etc/oratab

orcl:/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y
新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle

! /bin/bash

oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2

chkconfig: 345 90 10

description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.

processname: oracle

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

  echo $0 already running.
  exit 1

fi
echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
touch $LOCKFILE
;;
'stop')
if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

  echo $0 already stopping.
  exit 1

fi
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
rm -f $LOCKFILE
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
'status')
if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then

  echo $0 started.
  else
  echo $0 stopped.

fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
给/etc/init.d/oracle添加执行权限

chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle
开机启动oracle

systemctl enable oracle
或
chkconfig oracle on
给启动文件加权限

cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
同时选择你可以用Navicat等工具连接oracle了，如果是云服务器记得打开安全组里的1521端口，否则无法连接。

CREATE TABLESPACE DBNAME DATAFILE '/data/app/dbhome/db.ora' SIZE 10240m;
//“DBNAME" 空间名 “/data/app/dbhome/db.ora” 存储地址

Centos的话可能会因为目录权限导致存储地址创建失败，如果失败的话换为ROOT权限，并赋予权限到目录。
//设置表空间目录权限

chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/dbhome/

create user dbname identified by "dbpsswd";
//赋予数据库操作的基本权限

grant connect,resource,dba to dbname;
到此，Centos7 无图形化界面静默安装Oracle11G R2全部结束，相关表空间及用户名密码也创建完成。